리바: 미사 '목축' 내림나장조 I - Jiri Belohlavek, cond

Missa In Dominica Infra Octavam Nativitatis Domini Missa Pastoralis in B Flat Major 리바: 미사 '목축' 내림나장조 I Jakub Jan Ryba 1765-1815 1. Kyrie - 전악장 연주 Performer: National Theatre Wind Harmonia, Nadia Ladkany, Frantisek St'astny, Andrea Kristel, Andrea Dudasova, et al. Orchestra: New Czech Chamber Orchestra Conductor: Stefan Britvík, chorusmaster (Coro di Praga)                    Dir. Jirí Belohlávek Composer: Jakub Jan Ryba Audio CD: 1993 Label: Multisonic Records Bernardino Luini - Nativity and Annunciation to the Shepherds 1. Kyrie 2. Gloria 3. Credo 4. Sanctus 5. Benedictus 6. Agnus Dei 2:32 2:45 5:07 1:14 3:54 4:58 Jakub Jan Ryba (1765-1815) Jakub Jan Ryba was born the son of a teacher, organist and composer on 26 October 1765 in Prestice. When he was seven, the family moved to Nepomuk, where he also started attending school. His father taught him to play the violin, the piano and the organ. His first attempts at composition from that time have not been preserved. In the late 1770s the young Ryba started learning the basics of Latin grammar and Greek. His father, wanting to give his clever son a higher education, tried to secure one of the secular scholarships for him, but without success. Help finally came from Ryba’s uncle, Jan Vanicek, who took him to Prague in 1780 to study at the Piarist Gymnasium. Apart from his studies, he devoted much of his time to music. He learnt the cello, and went on to play in the St Wenceslas Seminary and in church choirs. He also played the organ in the Church of St Salvator. Having started to earn an income by playing the cello or organ in church choirs and selling his compositions, Ryba could afford to go to the opera. In this way he became familiar with the music of many composers, especially Italian opera composers, and also with the music of Mozart. Later, he was to conduct Mozart’s Marriage of Figaro in Prague. In 1784 Ryba found that a teaching post in Nepomuk had become vacant and he gave up his studies as well as his plans for making a mark on Prague’s musical life. It was at that time that many of the scholarships were abolished, and it was highly unlikely that under these changed conditions Ryba would have been able to support himself and his studies. He applied for the teaching position and received an appointment notice as an assistant teacher on condition that he presented his teaching qualifications. After a teaching course he obtained qualifications to teach in parish schools and spent a short period in the school at Nepomuk, leaving in 1786 left to teach in Mnísek where, beside his teaching work, he started composing, with works including the Festive Mass in D major, three other Masses, and a hymn, Iste Confessor. In February 1788 Ryba came as a new teacher to Rozmitál, where he was to spend the longest period of his life. Here, in 1790, he married Anna Langlerova, who bore him nine children. It was in Rozmitál that Ryba composed his most important and popular works. In 1788 he wrote his Missa pastoralis in D major using Latin as well as Czech texts, a work for which there is no surviving autograph. It may be assumed that for most ordinary church-goers the pastoral Mass with its Latin text was made more familiar by using the tunes of popular carols and folk-songs, and Czech texts set to music would be even closer to the listeners. Pastoral scenes, too, were included in the liturgy, mostly in the interchangeable sections of the Mass or at the end. Their inclusion in the fixed sections of the Mass was probably a constant source of debate. on 8th April 1815 Ryba took his own life in the forest outside Rozmitál, apparently as the result of progressive internal depression - 리바가 가장 오래 살았던 시골마을 로츠미탈 -   - 만년의 리바 - 성탄절인데 무엇을 끄적거릴까 잠시 생각하다가 체코 작곡가 리바의 ‘체코어 크리스마스 미사’를 소개드립니다. 잘 알려져 있지는 않지만 체코에서는 널리 알려진 곡입니다. 1765년 체코 시골마을에서 선생님의 아들로 태어난 리바는 고등교육을 위해 15살 때 프라하 유학길에 오릅니다. 그러나 프라하에서 음악에 심취한 리바는 첼로와 오르간 연주에 더 관심을 쏟고 급기야 오페라 지휘까지 하는 준 음악인이 되어 버립니다. 하지만 1784년 경제난에 더해 아버지의 병환으로 더 이상 유학생활을 버티기 어려웠던 리바는 전업 음악가로의 꿈을 접고 낙향, 교사가 되기 위한 과정을 밟습니다. 1788년부터 프라하 남부의 시골 Rozmitál에서 교사로서 장기전에 돌입한 23살의 리바, 과외활동으로 엄청난 곡의 교회음악을 작곡하는데, 그 중 가장 유명한 곡이 1796년 작곡한 ‘체코어 크리스마스 미사’입니다. 마치 브람스가 독일어로 레퀴엠을 작곡했듯이, 리바 역시 체코어의 아름다움을 뒤늦게 깨닫고 라틴어 대신 모국어인 체코어를 선택합니다. 이 곡은 각 곡의 제목만 보면 기존의 미사 전례와 다를 바 없어 보이지만 부제인 ‘이봐요, 주인어른(Hej, mistře)‘에서 볼 수 있듯이 스토리 자체는 마치 목가적 주제의 연극처럼 꾸며져 있습니다. (예컨대, 첫 곡 키리에는 한 밤중에 하인이 주인을 부른 다음, 잠이 덜 깬 주인에게 밖에서 기이한 빛을 본 것을 이야기하는 내용입니다) 여기서 리바는 체코 민속선율과 성가를 상당 부분 취합하여 전반적으로 시골 사람 눈높이에 맞는 미사곡을 만들었는데, 그것이 오늘날 ‘체코어 크리스마스 미사’ 없는 프라하를 상상하기 어렵게 만든 인기의 비결이 되었다고 할 수 있겠습니다. 리바의 마지막 생애는 썩 유쾌하지 않아서 적지 않았는데, 시골에서 교사직과 작곡가 생활을 병행하던 리바, 하지만 그의 삶은 주변의 몰이해로 점철됩니다. 지방 행정관과 학교 당국자들의 견제 속에 시달리던 리바는 1815년 4월 8일 아침, 아침미사를 마치고 사라진 후, 얼마 후 근처 숲 속에서 면도칼로 목이 그인 채 발견됩니다. 평온한 삶을 추구했던 그와는 정 반대의 결과를 맞게 된 것이죠. 차라리 프라하에서 음악가로서 활약했더라면 하는 생각이 드는군요. 글 출처: 풍월당 Dir. Jirí Belohlávek 잘생긴 꾀꼬리 꽃미남 리차드강 어리버리 돈키호테.